Raphael

Raphael, or Raffaello Santi (1483–1520), was born in Urbino, the son of painter Giovanni Santi. His early works reveal Perugino's influence. An independent master by around 1500, he worked in central Italy and subsequently spent time in Florence, studying the innovations of Leonardo and Michelangelo. His Madonnas and portraits balance geometric construction with natural gestures and emotional expression.

Called to Rome by Julius II in 1508, he contributed to the decoration of the papal apartments, notably through The School of Athens. His practice expanded to major religious compositions and architecture: after Bramante's death in 1514, he assumed responsibility for the construction of Saint Peter's. Dying at thirty-seven, Raphael left a model of narrative clarity and harmony that profoundly shaped the European academic tradition for centuries.

Works recorded at auction

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